PC FUNDAMENTALS
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What is a Pc ? A PC is your Personal Computer. You can look at your computer in two basic
ways: from a physical viewpoint and from a functional viewpoint. The physical
viewpoint uses terms for parts that you can point to for example to a power
supply , an adapter board and a cable. The functional viewpoint uses terms
such as CPU, interleaved memory, and serial and parallel devices,
which relate to how the computer operates. These terms are fairly complex and
focus more on the bits, bytes and electronic of the computer systems.
What is a software ? Software is a collection of command that help users to communicate with the
computer or help the computer perform specific tasks for them. Without any
type of software the computer would be of no use.
What is a hardware ? Hardware is best described as a device that is physically connected to your
computer or something that can be physically touched. A DVD, Monitor,
Printer, and video card are all examples of computer hardware. Without any
hardware your computer would not exist and software would have nothing to run
on. The image to the right is of a web cam, an example of an external
hardware peripheral that allows users to make basic videos, transmit videos
of themselves over the Internet, and take pictures.
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Central Processing Unit(CPU): The "microprocessor” brain of the computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.
Memory: This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computer.
RAM(Random Access Memory):It is used to temporarily store information that the computer is currently working with.
ROM(Read Only Memory): A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that does not change.
BIOS(Basic input/output system): A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communications when the computer is first turned on caching-The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU.
Virtual Memory: space on harddisk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed.
Mother Board:
This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components
connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard.
Hard Disk: This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents.
AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port): It is a very high speed connection used by the graphic card to interface with the computer.
Sound Card: This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound in to digital information and back again.
Graphics Card: This translates image data from the computer in to a format that can be displayed by the monitor.
Common Input–Out Put Devices :
Keyboard: Generally used to type or select an option on the screen. It is an input device.
Mouse: It is an input device which is used to point and select some option on VDU.
Vdu(Visual Display Unit): It is an output device where the output of any command is displayed ie. The screen.
Printer: Is the output device
.Different types of printer.
1. Dot matrix printer
2. Inkjet Printer
3. Laser Printer etc.
Scanner:
It is an input device. A scanner scans an image and transform the image to
ASCII Graphics . These codes can be edited, manipulated & than printed.
Dvd-Rom: DVD-Rom is similar to Cd-Rom but is capable of holding much more information.
Display Adaptor: The electronic work behind information of images on the screen is handled by the vision controller. The video controller along with the memory that holds the display data are together referred to as the PC which can represent data on the screen in two modes. One is the text mode on which only text or individual characters can be displayed . The other is graphic mode, Where graphic can be shown by building up a drawing made of dots.
Different Connections : Ports
Parallel: This port is commonly used to connect a printer.
Serial: This port is typically used to connect an external modem, mouse etc.
USB(Universal Serial Bus): This port is becoming most popular external connection, USB ports offer power and versatility and are incredibly easy to use.
Connections Internet/ Network:
Modem: This is the standard method of connecting to the Internet.
LAN(Local Area Network) card: This is used by many computers, particularly those in an Ethernet office network to connected to each other.
Cable modem: Some people now use the cable –television system in their home to connect to the internet.
DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) modem: This is a high speed connection that works over a standard telephone line.
VDSL (Very high bit- rate DSL) modem: A newer variation of DSL , VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber optic cables.
DOS - (Disk Operating System)
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WHAT IS DOS? |
Dos commands are of two types:
Internal Commands:
Cls :
This command is used to clear the screen.
Ver :
This helps us to know the later version of dos.
Vol :
This command shows the label of the current drive & and its serial number.
Date :
This command display the current date. Also called as the system date.
Time :
This command display the current time and also the message to enter the new
time.
Dir :
This command display the list of files and directory in the mentioned directory
or drive.
Dir/P :
This command show all the files pagewise. Once the screen is full of filename a
message saying “press any key to continue” is displayed, he user can take his/
her own time o view the files & its details.
Dir/w :
This command is used to display the content of disk i.e files width wise i.e:-
five filenames perline.
Wild Characters : There are 2 wild characters.
?:
denoted any one single characters.
* :
denotes any no of characters.
Type : This command is used to see the content of
a specific file on the screen.
Rename or Ren :
This command is used to change the filename.
Del (Deleting) :
This command is used to erase the file from the disk.
Copy :
This commands is used to duplicate the content of one file in to another file.
Directories :
A directories is a separate area on the disk to store some files.
Md<directory name>
Rd<removing directory>
Edit :
is a Dos Editor. It is an internal command.
External Commands :
External commands are ones which requires certain special Dos files for their
execution.
Tree :
This command display path and optionally list the content of each directory and
sub directory
on the specified drive.
Sort :
The sort filter reads input ,sorts the data and then writes the sorted data
screen or to a file
or another device.
Find :
Locates all the lines which contain a specific string of text in a file or
files.
Print :
This command used to print to content of the files.
Chkdsk:
This command is used to display the report regarding the status of the disk.
Diskcopy:
This command is used to copy the content of one disk to another.
Attrib :
Each and every file has some attributes stored for it.
Microsoft Windows
What is a window?
A window is an area on your desktop within which all Windows-based programs
run.
What is a desktop?
When you start your computer, the first thing you see is the desktop. The
desktop is your work area.
How do I shut down my
computer?
To shut down your
computer:
Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear.
Click Turn Off Computer. The Turn Off Computer dialog box will appear.
Click the Turn Off icon. Your computer will shut down.
How do I restart my
computer?
You may need to shut down and restart your computer after installing a new
program or if your system becomes unstable. To shut down and immediately
restart your computer:
1. Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear.
2. Click Turn Off Computer. The Turn Off Computer dialog box will appear.
3. Click the Restart icon. Your computer will restart.
How do I start a
program?
1. Click the Start button, located in the lower left corner of your screen.
2. Highlight Programs. The Program menu will appear.
3. Move to the Program menu and highlight the program you want to start. If you
see a right pointer next to your selection, a submenu will appear. Refine your
choice by highlighting the appropriate selection on the submenu. Continue until
you get to the final submenu.`
4. Click the program name to start the program.
What is Windows Explorer?
Windows Explorer is a place where you can view the drives on your computer and
manipulate the folders and files. Using Windows Explorer, you can cut, copy,
paste, rename, and delete folders and files.
What is the Most
Recently Used Document list?
As you work, Windows XP tracks the last 15 files you used. It lists these files
on the Most Recently Used Document list. To view the Most Recently Used
Document list:
1. Click the Start button.
2. Highlight Documents. The most recently used documents will display.
3. To open a file listed on the Most Recently Used Document list, click the
file name.
How do I clear my Most Recently Used Document list?
To clear the Most Recently Used Document list:
1. Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear.
2. Highlight Settings.
3. Click Taskbar and Start menu. A dialog box will appear.
4. Click the Start Menu tab.
5. Click Customize.
6. Click Clear.
7. Click OK.
8. Click OK again.
How do I change the date
and/or time?
To change the date and/or time:
- Click the Start button, which is located in the lower left corner of the screen. The Start menu will appear.
- Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear.
- Click Control Panel. The Control Panel will open.
- Click Date/Time. The Date/Time Properties dialog box will appear.
- In the Date frame, select the month and year.
- In the Month field, click to open the drop-down menu and select the current month.
- Type the year in the Year field or use the arrows next to the field to move forward or backward until you get to the current year.
- The
Time field is divided into four segments: hour, minutes, seconds, and AM
and PM. To make an adjustment:
Time Zone: - Click the Time Zone tab.
- Choose the correct time zone from the drop-down menu.
- If you want the clock to automatically adjust to daylight saving time, check the box on the screen.
- Click the Apply button. Click OK.
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What is wallpaper?
Wallpaper is the background that displays on your desktop.
What is a font?
A font is a set of characters represented in a single typeface. Each character
within a font is created by using the same basic style.
What are folders?
Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. The files that
make up a program are stored together in their own set of folders. You will
want to organize the files you create in folders. You will want to store files
of a like kind in a single folder.
What is a screen saver?
Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-coated
screen. If the same image stays on the screen too long, there is a danger that
the image will leave a permanent imprint on the screen. Screen savers help
prevent this by providing a constantly changing image.
What are scrollbars?
In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window,
scrollbars will appear. A vertical scrollbar will appear at the right side of
the window and a horizontal scrollbar at the bottom of the window, depending on
the fit. The vertical scrollbar provides a way to move up and down. The
horizontal scrollbar provides a way to move from left to right.
What is an icon?
An icon is a graphic image. Icons help you execute commands quickly. Commands
tell the computer what you want the computer to do. To execute a command by
using an icon, click the icon.
What is a dialog box?
Whenever you see an ellipsis (…) after a menu option, selecting that option
causes a dialog box to appear. You use dialog boxes to send commands to the
computer. Most dialog boxes provide an OK button and a Cancel button. Press the
OK button if you are satisfied with your entries and you want to send the
commands to the computer. Press the Cancel button if you have changed your mind
and do not want to send the commands to the computer.
What are tabs?
Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a
page by clicking on the tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while
pressing the Tab key to flip through the pages).
What are fields?
List boxes enable you to make a choice from a list of options. To make your
selection, simply click the option you want. In some list boxes, you can choose
more than one item. To choose more than one item, hold down the Ctrl key while
you make your selections. If there are more options than can be displayed in
the box, a scrollbar appears on the list box. Use the scrollbar to view the
additional choices.
General keyboard shortcuts
• CTRL+C (Copy)
• CTRL+X (Cut)
• CTRL+V (Paste)
• CTRL+Z (Undo)
• DELETE (Delete)
• SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item
in the Recycle)
• CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
• CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
• CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous
word)
• CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next
paragraph)
CTRL+UP
ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
• CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
• SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on
the desktop, or select text in a document)
•
CTRL+A (Select all)
• F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
• ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
• ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have
multiple documents open simultaneously)
• ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
• ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
• F6 Function key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the
desktop)
• F4 key (Display the Address
bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
• CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
• ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
• Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the
corresponding command)
• F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
• RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
• LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
• F5 key (Update the active window)
• BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• ESC (Cancel the current task)
• SHIFT when you insert a DVD into the DVD drive (Prevent the DVD from
automatically playing)
• CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager)
Dialog box keyboard
shortcuts
If you press SHIFT+F8 in extended selection list boxes, you enable extended
selection mode. In this mode, you can use an arrow key to move a cursor without
changing the selection. You can press CTRL+SPACEBAR or SHIFT+SPACEBAR to adjust
the selection. To cancel extended selection mode, press SHIFT+F8 again.
Extended selection mode cancels itself when you move the focus to another
control.
• CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
• CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
• TAB (Move forward through the options)
• SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
• ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the
corresponding option)
• ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
• SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
• Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option
buttons)
• F1 key (Display Help)
• F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
• BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As
or Open dialog box)
Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts
• Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
• Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
• Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
• Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
• Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
• Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
• Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
• CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
• Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
• Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
• Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
• Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility keyboard shortcuts
• Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
• SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
• NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
• Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer
keyboard shortcut
• END (Display the bottom of the active window)
• HOME (Display the top of the active window)
• NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the
selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
• LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the
parent folder)
• RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the
first subfolder)
Shortcut keys for
Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move
through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
• RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
• LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
• UP ARROW (Move up one row)
• DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
• PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
• PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
• HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
• END (Move to the end of the line)
• CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
• CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
• SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is
selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts
• CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
• CTRL+N (Open a new console)
• CTRL+S (Save the open console)
• CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
• CTRL+W (Open a new window)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
• ALT+F4 (Close the console)
• ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
• ALT+V (Display the View menu)
• ALT+F (Display the File menu)
• ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC console window keyboard shortcuts
• CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
• ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
• F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
• CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
• ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console
window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote desktop connection navigation
• CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
• ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
• ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
• ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
• ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
• CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full
screen)
• ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
• CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on
the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing
ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
• CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client
on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing
PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Back to the top
Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation
• CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
• CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
• CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
• CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
• CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
• CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
• CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
• CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
• CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
• CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
• CTRL+W (Close the current window)
How to Create the Folder?
· Right button click on empty desktop area
· Go to new
· Click on folder
· Type your folder name Eg. Susmita
· Press Enter key
How to Rename the Folder?
· Right button click on target folder
· Click on rename
· Type your new folder name Eg. Nitesh
· Press Enter Key
How to delete the Folder?
· Right button Click on target folder
· Go to delete
· Click on yes
How to restore the Folder?
· Double button click on recycle bin icon
· Choose the Folder
· Right button click on target folder
· Click on restore
· Close the recycle bin
How to empty the recycle bin?
· Right button click on recycle bin icon
· Go to empty recycle bin
· Click on yes
How to change the background?
· Right button click on empty desktop area
· Go to properties
· Click on desktop
· Choose the background style
· Click on Apply
· Click on ok
How to set the screen saver?
· Right button click on empty desktop area
· Go to properties
· Click on screen saver
· Choose the screen saver style
· Click on Apply
· Click on Ok
To Find the Picture
*.*Jpg
To Find the Paint
*.*Bmp
To Find the MP3 Song
*.*Mp3
To Find the Visual Song
*.*Dat / *.*Mpg
To Find the WinWord file
*.*Doc
To Find the Excel file
*.*Xls
To Find the PowerPoint
*.*Ppt
Microsoft Office Word 2007/2024
How to open the WinWord?
· Go to Start Button
· Click on Programs
· choose the Microsoft Office Word 2007/2024
· Click on Microsoft Office Word 2007/2024
Or
· Go to Start button
· Click on run
· Type your program name Eg. Winword
· Click on ok
Office Button/File Menu
New (Ctrl+N):
This Command is used to create New Blank Page.
Goto Office Button
Choose New
Choose Create
Open(Ctrl+O)
This command is used to Retrieve the file.
Goto Office Button
Choose Open
Choose Your file/Type your file Name.
Click on Open
Save (Ctro+S) : This Command is used to store the file in Computer/ Flash Drive.
· Go to Office Button
· Click on save
· Type your file name
· Click on save
Save As : To make a Duplicate file.
Open your file
Goto Office Button
Choose Save as
Type New File Name.
Click On Save.
Print(Ctrl+P)
This command is used to Print the file on Paper.
Goto Office Button
Choose Print
Choose Required Option.
Click On Ok.
Print Preview(Alt+F2)
Goto Office Button
Choose Print
Choose Print Preview
Close (Ctrl+W)
This Command is used to close the active file.
Goto Office Button
Choose Close.
Home Menu
Cut (Ctrl+X)
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Cut
· Put the cursor another place.
· Click on paste (Ctrl+V)
Copy(Ctrl+C)
· Select the Text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on copy
· Click on paste (Ctrl+V)
Font(Ctrl+Shift+F)
Change the Font Face.
Select the Text
Goto Home Menu
Choose Font
Choose Required Fonts(Preeti, Arial, Times New Roman, Monotype Corsiva ……..
Font Size (Ctrl+Shift+P)
Increase or decrease Font Size.
Select the Text
Goto Home Menu
Choose Font Size
Choose Required Font Size.
Bold(Ctrl+B), Italic(Ctrl+I), Underline(Ctrl+U)
Select the Text
Goto Home Menu
Click on Bold/Italic/Underline.
Strikethrough
Draw a line through middle of the selected text.
Select the Text
Goto Home Menu
Strikethrough
SuperScript (Ctrl+Shift+=) (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2
Create small letters above the line of Text.
· Select the text
· Go to home menu
· Click on superscript
Sub script(Ctrl+=) H20
Create small letter below the text base line.
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on sub script
Change case
Change all the selected text to UPPERCASE
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on change case
· Choose the any one option
Grow Font(Ctrl+>)
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Grow Font
Shrink Font(Ctrl+<)
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Shrink Font
Text Highling Color
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Choose Text Highlight Color
· Choose Anyone color
Font Color
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Choose Font Color
· Choose Anyone color
Clear Formatting
Clear all the formatting from the selection, leaving only plan the text.
· Select the text
· Go to Home menu
· Choose Clear Formatting
Bullet
Start a bulleted list.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on bullet
· Choose the bullet style
Number
Start a numbered list.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Number
· Choose the Number style
Multi Level List
Start a multilevel list.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Multi level List
· Choose the Multi Level Style
Decrease Indent
Decreases the indent level of Paragraph.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Decrease Indent
Increase Indent
Increases the indent level of Paragraph.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Decrease Indent
Increase Indent
Increases the indent level of Paragraph.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Decrease Indent
Sort
Alphabetize the selected text or sort numerical data.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Sort
· Select Ascending/descending
Show/Hide Paragraph Mark
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Paragraph Mark.
Left Alignment(Ctrl+L)
Align Text to the left.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Align Text Left.
Center(Ctrl+E)
Center Text.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Align Text Left.
Right(Ctrl+R)
Align text to the right.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Align Text Right
Justify(Ctrl+J)
Align text to both the left and right margins, extra space between words as necessary.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Align Text Justify
Line Spacing
Change the spacing between lines of text.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Line Spacing
· Select Required line spacing option.
Note: You can also customize the amount of space added before and after paragraphs.
Shading
Color the background behind the selected text or paragraph.
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Shading
· Select Required shading color.
Border
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Border
· Select Required Border
Style
· Select The Paragraph
· Go to Home menu
· Select Required Style(Normal, Heading1, Title …)
Find (Ctrl+F)
· Put the cursor on the first position
· Go to Home menu
· Click on find
· Type the find text
· Click on find next……..
Replace (Ctrl+H)
· Put the cursor on the first position
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Replace
· Type the replace text
· Click on Replace/ replace all
Select All (Ctrl+A)
· Go to Home Menu
· Click On Select
· Choose Select All
Insert Menu
Cover Page
Insert the fully formatted cover page.
Go to Insert Menu
Click on Cover Page.
Choose Anyone Cover Page.
Blank Page
Insert a new blank page at the cursor position.
Go to Insert Menu
Click on Blank Page
Page Break
Start the next page at the current position.
· Go to Insert Menu
· Click on Blank Page
Table
Insert or draw a table into the document.
Goto Insert Menu
Click on Table
Choose Insert Table
Type no. of Columns
Type No. of Rows
Click on Ok.
Delete Table
Put the cursor in the table.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Delete
Choose Delete Table
Delete Row
Put the cursor in Required row.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Delete
Choose Delete Rows.
Delete Column
Put the cursor in Required Column.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Delete
Choose Delete Column.
Insert Row Above
Put the cursor in Required Row.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Insert Above
Insert Row Below
Put the cursor in Required Row.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Insert Below
Insert Column Left
Put the cursor in Required Column.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Insert Left.
Insert Column Right
Put the cursor in Required Column.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Insert Right.
Merge Cells
Select Cells(2,3,..)
Goto Layout menu
Choose Merge Cells
Split Cells
Put the column in required place
Goto Layout menu
Choose Split Cells
Type No. Of Columns
Type No. of Rows
Click On Ok.
Split Table
Goto Layout menu
Choose Split Table
Text Direction
Change the text Direction within the text.
Put the cursor in Table or Box.
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Text Direction
Convert To Text
Convert to table a regular text.
Select Table Data
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Convert To text.
Choose Tab
Click on Ok.
Formula
Add a formula to a cell to perform a simple calculation such as average, sum, subtraction, multiplication. ….
Prepare Table Data
Goto Layout Menu
Choose Formula
Choose Option
Picture
· Go to insert menu
· Click on picture
· Choose the picture
· Click on insert
Brightness
Contrast
Recolor
Compress Picture
Change Picture
Reset Picture
Picture Shape
Picture Border
Picture Effect
Position
Text wrapping
Rotate
Crop
Clipart picture
· Go to insert menu
· Click on clipart
· Click on go
· Choose the picture
· Click it
Auto shapes
· Go to insert menu
· Click on shapes
· Choose the auto shape style
· Drag the mouse on the screen?
Shape Fill
Shape Outline
Change Shape
Shadow Effect
3D Effect
Smart art
· Go to insert menu
· Click on smart art
· Choose the art style
· Click on ok
Chart
Insert a chart to
Goto Insert Menu
Choose Chart
Choose Chart Type
Click on OK
Prepare Chart Data
Hyperlink
Create a link to a web Page. a picture an email address or a program.
Select any word
Goto Insert Menu
Choose Hyperlink
Type Address or Select picture, File.
Click on ok.
Book Mark
Create a bookmark to assign a name to a specific point in a document.
Put the cursor at required place.
Goto Insert Menu
Choose Bookmark
Type Bookmark Name
Click On Add
Header and Footer : The Content in the Header/Footer will appear at the Top/Bottom of each Printed Page.
· Go to insert menu
· Click on header and footer
· Type the text
· Click on close
Page Nnumber : Inserts Page number into the document.
· Go to insert menu
· Click on page number
· Choose the page number style
· Click it
Text box : Insert Preformatted text box.
· Go to insert menu
· Click on text box
· Drag the mouse on the screen
Word art : Insert Decoratve text in the document.
Go to insert menu
· Click on word art
· Choose the word art text
· Type the word art text
· Click on ok
Drop cap : Create a large Capital Letter at the beginning of a paragraph.
· Select the text
· Go to insert menu
· Click on drop cap
· Choose the drop cap style
· Click it
Date and time
· Go to insert menu
· Click on date and time
· Choose the date and time
· Click on ok
Object : Insert an embedded object.
· Goto Insert Menu
· Click on Object Dropdown box.
· Choose Object
· Choose ……….
Text From File : Inert Text from file.
· Goto Insert Menu
· Click on Object Drop down box.
· Choose IText from file
· Choose anyone file
· Click on Insert.
Equation :
Insert common mathematical equations or built up your own equations using a library of math symbols.
· Goto Insert Menu
· Choose Equation
· Choose required……..
Symbol :
· Go to insert menu
· Choose the symbol
· Choose the symbol style
· Click on insert
Page Layout
Margins :
Go to page layout menu
· Goto Page Layout Menu
· Click on margins
· Choose anyone.
Orientation :
Set the page position?
· Go to page layout menu
· Click on orientation
· Choose the page position
Size : Choose a paper size for the current section.
· Goto Page Layout
· Choose Size
· Choose Anyone Size (A4, Letter, A5 ……)
Column : Split text into two or more column.
· Go to page layout menu
· Click on column
· Choose the number of column
Break
Add Page, Section or Column breaks to the document.
· Goto Page Layout Menu
· Choose Break
· Choose Required ………..
Line Numbers
Add line number in the margin alongside of each line of the document.
· Goto page Layout Menu
· Choose LIne Numbers
· Choose Continuous
Hyphenation(-)
Turn on hyphenation , which allows word to break line between the syllables of the word.
Go to Page Layout Menu
Choose Hyphenation
Choose Automatic
Watermark :
Insert ghosted text behind the content on the page.
Go to page layout menu
· Click on watermark
· Choose the watermark style
· Click on custom watermark
· Type the text
· Click on ok
Page Color :
Choose a color for the background of the page.
· Go to page layout menu
· Click on page color
· Choose the color
· Click it
Page Border :
Add or change the border around the page.
· Go to page layout menu
· Click on page border
· Choose the border style
· Click on ok
References
Table of Contents
Add table of contents to the documents.
· Prepare documents with headings
· Goto References
· choose Table of Contents
· Choose anyone style.
Endnote & Footnote :
Add a endnote and footnote to the document.
· Goto References
· Choose Insert Endnote or Insert Footnote
· Type Footnote/Endnote meaning.
Insert Caption :
· Select Picture or object.
· Choose Insert caption.
· Choose Add new source
Mailings
Envelopes
· Go to Mailings Menu
· Click on envelopes
· Type the delivery text
· Type the return text
· Click on add
Start Mail Merge : start a mail merge to create a form letter which you intend to print or email multiple times sending each copy of different recipient .
· Goto Mailings
· Choose Start Mail Merge
· Click Letters
· Choose Select recipients
· Choose Type a new List.
· Choose Customise Column
· Delete all Filed Names
· Add New Field Name (Like : Name, Address, Email Id, Phone No. ..)
· Fill Data
· Click on Ok
· Save File.
· Insert Merge Field data one by one
· Prepare Letter
· Click on Finish & Merge
· Edit Individual Document
· Click on Ok.
Review :
Spelling and grammar
· Put the cursor on the first position
· Go to review menu
· Click on spelling and Grammar
· After checking the spelling and grammar
· Click on change
· Click on ok
Thesaurus :
Suggests other words with a similar meaning to the word you have selected.
· Select Any word
· Goto Review Menu
· Choose Thesaurus
Word Count
Find out the number of words, Character, Paragraphs and lines in the documents
· Goto Review Menu
· Choose Word Count
Protect Document
Restrict how people can access the document.
· Goto Review Menu
· Choose Protect Document
· Choose restrict formatting and editing
· Choose Filling and form
· Choose Yes, Start Enforcing
· Type Password
· Ok
· Type Password
· Ok
Ruler
· Go to view menu
· Active / Un active the ruler bar
Zoom
Go to view menu
· Click on Zoom
· Choose the Zoom size
· Click on ok
Page Width
Goto View Menu
Choose Page Width
Macros
Record New macro
Goto View Menu
Choose Record New Macro
Choose Keyboard
Press Short Cut Key (Like : alt+a)
Click on Assign.
Type any sentence
Again go to Macros
Choose Stop Macros
Project 1
Project 3 - Chemestry Question Paper
Project 4 - Bio-Data
Project 5 - Resume
Microsoft Office Excel
Excel is an electronic spreadsheet program that can be used for storing, organizing and manipulating data.
How to Open the Microsoft Office Excel 2007/2024?
· Go to Start Button
· Click on Programs
· choose the Microsoft Office Excel 2007/2024
· Click on Microsoft Office Excel 2007/2024
Or
· Go to start button
· Click on run
· Type your program name Eg. Excel
· Click on ok
Cell Pointer Movement
Right Arrow : Move the cell Pointer One cell Right.
Left Arrow : Move the cell Pointer One Cell Left.
Down Arrow : Move the Cell Pointer One Cell Down.
Up Arrow : Move the cell Pointer One Cell Up.
Ctrl +Right Arrow : Move the cell Pointer End of Column(XFD)
Cltrl +Left Arrow : Move the cell Pointer Beginning of Column(A)
Ctrl+Down Arrow : Move the cell Pointer End of Rows.(1048576)
Ctrl+UP Arrow : Move the cell Pointer Beginning of Row(1)
Ctrl+Home : Move the cell Pointer Begging of Cell (A1)
Tab : Move the Cell Pointer One Cell Right.
Bill
|
S.N. |
Particular |
Qty. |
Rate |
Amount |
Discount |
Net. Amount |
|
1. |
Book |
12 |
155 |
? |
? |
? |
|
2. |
Copy |
15 |
65 |
? |
? |
? |
|
3. |
Pen |
18 |
25 |
? |
? |
? |
To Find the Amount
=Qty Cell*Rate Cell
To Find the Discount
=Amount Cell *10%
To Find the Net. Amount
=Amount Cell-Discount Cell
Salary Sheet
|
s.n. |
Name |
Address |
Post |
Salary |
Bonus |
TOTAL |
TAX |
NET. AMOUNT |
|
1 |
Ram |
Ktm |
Teacher |
15000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
Sita |
Ktm |
Doctor |
25000 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Gita |
Ktm |
Nurse |
12500 |
|
|
|
|
To Find the Bonus
=Salary*10%
To Find the Total
=Sum(salary:bonus)
To Find the Tax
=total*5%
To Find the Net. Amount
=Sum(total-tax)
MarkSheet
|
S.N. |
NAME |
|
NEP |
ENG |
ACC |
BOOM |
ECO. |
TOT |
PER |
RES |
DIV |
|
1 |
Nitesh |
|
45 |
85 |
95 |
55 |
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
Ayush |
|
95 |
85 |
44 |
56 |
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Susmita |
|
55 |
78 |
75 |
67 |
57 |
|
|
|
|
To Find the total
=Sum(nep:eco)
To Find the Percentage
=Sum(total/No. of Subject)
To Find the Result
=if(and(nep>=35,eng>=35,acc>=35,boom>=35,eco>=35),"pass","fail")
To Find the Division
=if(result="fail","tryagain",if(percentage>=60,"1st",if(percentage>=45,"2nd",if(percentage<=45,"3rd"))))
Calculating Work Time Formula
=mod(endtime-starttime,1)
How to insert the border?
· Select the Cell
· Go to Home menu
· Click on Border
· Choose the border style
· click it
How to Combine the Cell?
· Select the cell
· Go to home menu
· Click on merge cell
How to set the alignment?
· Select the cell
· Go to home menu
· Click on alignment
· Choose the alignment style
· Click it
How to Create the Chart?
· Create the Salary Sheet
· Select the salary sheet
· Go to Insert menu
· Click on Chart
· Choose the Chart Style
· Click it
How to Change the Background?
· Go to page layout menu
· Click on background
· Choose the background style
· Click on Insert
How to set the sort?
· Select the Cell
· Go to Data menu
· Click on Sort
· Choose the any one option
· Click it
How to set the Filter?
· Go to Data menu
· Click on filter
How to insert the Comment?
· Go to review menu
· Click on Comment
· Type the Comment text
How to set the Protect sheet?
· Choose the sheet
· Go to review menu
· Click on protect sheet
· Type the password no.
· Click on ok
· Again, Type the same password no.
· Click on ok
How to hide and show the Gridlines?
· Go to view menu
· Active / Un active the gridline tab box
How to set the zoom?
· Go to view menu
· Click on zoom
· Choose the zoom size
· Click on ok
PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is the name of a proprietary commercial software presentation program developed by Microsoft. It was developed by Microsoft and officially launched on May 22, 1990. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite, and runs on Microsoft Windows and Apple'sMac OS X operating system
How to Open the PowerPoint?
· Go to Start button
· Click on Program
· choose the Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007/2024
· Click on Microsoft PowerPoint
Or
· Go to Start button
· Click on run
· Type your program name Eg. Powerpnt
· Click on ok
How to Change the background?
· Go to Design menu
· Choose the background style
· Click it
How to set the effect?
· Go to Animation menu
· Choose the effect style
· Click it
· Active the automatically tab box
· Choose the any one option
· Click on Apply to all slides
How to insert the New slides?
· Go to home menu
· Click on New Slides
How to see the full screen?
· Go to view menu
· Click on view show
~God Luck~
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